The questions that come to the fore for us now are: Has human evolution reached its pinnacle? Can a Life of Child-rearing Be Meaningful? Nevertheless, there remains a powerful underlying sense that it is important for humans to explore space for its own sake, to see what is there. Although the only voyages that humans have made away from the near vicinity of Earththe Apollo flights to the Moonwere motivated by Cold War competition, there have been recurrent calls for humans to return to the Moon, travel to Mars, and visit other locations in the solar system and beyond. In 1969, on Apollo11, the United States sent the first astronauts to the Moon, and Neil Armstrong became the first human to set foot on its surface. "In addition to launching the first artificial satellite, the first dog in space, and the first human in space, the Soviet Union achieved other space milestones ahead of the United States. First, the need for complex equipment to carry out many scientific experiments and for the large teams of researchers to use that equipment led to costs that only governments could afford. In the decades following the first Sputnik and Explorer satellites, the ability to put their instruments into outer space gave scientists the opportunity to acquire new information about the natural universe, information that in many cases would have been unobtainable any other way.Space science added a new dimension to the quest for knowledge, complementing and extending . Recently, the private sector has also shown interest in space exploration in order to engage in profitable activities such as harnessing minerals from asteroids. Incredible Stories From Space: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Missions Changing Our View of the Cosmos. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Add to this the persistent human desire to spread ones particular political agenda and/or religious ideals, and one quickly realizes that the planet Earth, even if it were kept ecologically tidy, is simply too small to give every group its own private, isolated, holy property. This article is useful to my research because of the analysis of the relationship between each step in space exploration and the possible benefits in the science field. To have complete access to the thousands of philosophy articles on this site, please. We are discussing space exploration, and looking at it through the lens of social science and the lens of the humanities. But to extend the scope of value to the valuing of entire ecosystems, let alone the Earth as a whole, is a very problematic stretch indeed. Furthermore, is it the case that the Earth no longer holds any environment that we cannot alter to fit the state of development weve already achieved? 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. According to the OECD's latest report, The Space Economy in Figures: How Space Contributes to the Global Economy, the overall economy has grown by 11.6% because of space programs. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window). If we could only look for and encourage the best in each other, and simply spend time cooperating and working together, I think wed be amazed at what we could accomplish. If you view the simulation from the side, you can see that their gravity bends light like a lens. While there have been, many failed attempts involving space exploration that has caused a tremendous amount of money to go down the drain. We have sent man to the moon, landed rovers, and discovered uncountable celestial bodies just by telescope! 360-degree Simulated View of the Sky Between Two Supermassive Black Holes. If not you and me, then perhaps our great-great grandchildren? New Horizons. Just putting together a mission concept takes an incredible amount of cooperation from both scientists and engineers, as they need to figure out the great compromise of what is possible versus what would be ideal. Winning the race to the moon ahead of Russia during the cold war made Neil Armstrong the astronaut equivalent of a rock star. Today, space has been seen by many as the new frontier or the home beyond earth. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. One instrument was a Geiger counter for detecting cosmic rays. PDF IDS The Four General Education Lenses - Southern New Hampshire University Space exploration is investigation, by means of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, of the reaches of the universe beyond Earths atmosphere and the use of the information so gained to increase knowledge of the cosmos and benefit humanity. Even if one accepts that there are intrinsic values, and that people (for the most part) are the kinds of beings that have such value, the move toward valuing the Earth is not one small leap for mankind. To be honest, the problem of space may exist even in space, at least for the possibly-inhabitable spaces nearest Earth. Through humanities lens the world was introduced to Jedi knights, lightsabers, droids, Wookies Value simpliciter probably has its beginnings in the basic intuition that the I is valuable, and so anything relevantly similar to I is also valuable (ie other persons who act, look, etc just like I do). Earth Science, Astronomy, Social Studies, U.S. History, World History. He was a member of the NASA Advisory Council Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. From where is value bootstrapped? This era of exoplanet discovery began in 1995, and advanced technology now allows instruments in space to characterize the atmospheres of some of these exoplanets. If the lesson from Easter Island is obvious, please forgive my forthcoming overstatement. Despite the fact that space might provide valuables for humanity, no predictions can be made about space exploration and be safely. For example, the finches imprisoned on one of the islands drink the nectar of flowers which cover the island. Given the above accounts of both human and planetary nature, it really is the only real frontier left. View this brief Dr Kleins article was originally sent to Philosophy Now in 2003. The picture is, simply, apocalypse soon. From modest beginnings, space science has expanded under government support to include multibillion-dollar exploratory missions in the solar system. Alan Stern, Principal investigator for the New Horizons mission to Pluto explained how it took dedication from 2,500 people around the country who worked all day plus nights and weekends for over 15 years for the mission to makes its successful flyby of Pluto in July 2015. space exploration, investigation, by means of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, of the reaches of the universe beyond Earths atmosphere and the use of the information so gained to increase knowledge of the cosmos and benefit humanity. Arrokoth was found to be a Nearly a thousand of these huge statues, probably made for religious purposes, stand like sentries guarding a small patch of land that was not discovered by Europeans until 1722. Governments realized early on that the ability to observe Earth from space could provide significant benefits to the general public apart from security and military uses. Those who believe that the Earth is itself intrinsically valuable may argue that it is therefore simply morally wrong to fly off and abandon our beautiful blue-green home. Human beings are made with an innate desire to expand and explore. PDF Science in Nasa'S Vision for Space Exploration There are many areas that have been influenced by space and many ways that space can influence our lives or how we perceive it. Submit your nominations for the 2024 NEH Jefferson Lecturer, NEH Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities nominations. Team Moon: How 400,000 People Landed Apollo 11 on the Moon. Astrosociology (Social Science of Space Exploration) Please select which sections you would like to print: John M. Logsdon is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington Universitys Elliott School of International Affairs. Space exploration | History, Definition, & Facts | Britannica This led Weatherford to conclude that it is humanitys number one global moral imperative to provide the educational and technological resources, as well as develop the overall mindset, for the advancement of space exploration and colonization. Although the details of the numerous arguments for such a position are outside the scope of this article, let me offer a few comments and criticisms. A Mesmerizing Model of Monster Black Holes - NASA Universe Exploration For several years, the two superpowers had been competing to develop missiles, called intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), to carry nuclear weapons between continents. As a social and cultural researcher, I have made several documentary films in the past 15 years. By continuing to browse the site with cookies enabled in your browser, you consent to the use of cookies in accordance with our privacy policy. Their interested in space has fathered the desire to know more. Furthermore, education and money only fill in so many gaps in space, and space as a whole, should remain unscathed by humans. But today it seems more than likely our species will end in a simple cosmic catastrophe one large asteroid could do the deed that is, if we dont destroy ourselves first. Participants engage in discussion of GeoHumanities concepts at the Space, Place, and the Humanities summer institute. Then, a month later, on November 3, 1957, the Soviets achieved an even more impressive space venture. On a tour of Bostons Museum of Fine Arts, participants examined evolvingrepresentationsof space, place, and landscape across historical and geographical contexts. Space Exploration Though the Social Science and History lens. .pptx One cannot set a timeline, but by 3001 "interstellar humanity . If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. Examples of such efforts include the development of the Curiosity Mars rover, the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn and its moons, and the development of major space-based astronomical observatories such as the Hubble Space Telescope. Regardless of where one stands on these issues of value, one can give other reasons to support space colonization. They show that harsh and odd circumstances force evolutionary change to take place. On this view, to treat the Earth and its resources solely as means to human ends is simply wrong. All of this is just the consequences of reproduction. Stephen Johnson explained that on the other side of the space argument, support for space exploration comes with Favoring private space endeavors, such as commercial launch systems, space tourism, and mining the Moon for resources (Johnson, Stephen B). That leaves us with Mars, and of course the Moon, both of which are already tainted by politics and special interests. the beneficial effects that the economic, social, and health aspects of the society sees from space exploration proves we have a definite need to continue funding for future space research because of. I believe the same is true about societies, civilizations and governments. The U.S., the Soviet Union, Europe, and China also developed their own satellite-based global positioning systems, originally for military purposes, that could pinpoint a users exact location, help in navigating from one point to another, and provide very precise time signals. Some argue humans have a moral duty to save our species from extinction, and space colonization is one way of doing so. He is one of the most passionate people passionate about space exploration and life itself Ive ever talked to. Astrosociology is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field that promotes and represents convergence of the physical/natural sciences and the social/behavioral sciences on all matters pertaining to humanity's interests and activities in space and the consequences of these activities for people on Earth. There are many benefits of space exploration, making it absolutely worth the cost. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Most importantly for this discussion, how can one justify valuing the Earth without first having developed a relevant notion of value? X. With teaming diverse species, or just one huge lump of humanity? In 1998, at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Florida Philosophical Association, Dr Roy Weatherford gave his Presidential Address, on the moral imperative of space travel. Significant milestones in space exploration, The Apollo lunar landings and Apollo-Soyuz, Summary of space stations launched since 1971, Human beings in space: debate and consequences, Biomedical, psychological, and sociological aspects, Military and national security uses of space, 7 Accidents and Disasters in Spaceflight History. motor learning during recovery. Cross), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Discussion 4-3 My Topic Through the Lenses, 6-2 Discussion Space exploration through Social and Natural Science, Care of the childrearing family (nurs420), Introduction to Environmental Sciences (ENVS 1301), Advanced Concepts in Applied Behavior Analysis (PSY7709), Philippine Politics and Governance (PPG-11/12), Introduction to Interpersonal Communications ( COMM 102), Electrical Machines and Power Electronic Drives (E E 452), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), Chapter 1 - Principles of Animal Behavior, Ch1 - Focus on Nursing Pharmacology 6e In the 1950s when there was no more of Earth to discover, people started looking upwards at the sky to satisfy this internal desire. Human spaceflight is worth the risks and the cost because it expands human experience, establishes international prestige, and creates opportunities for the future. Explorer carried several instruments into space for conducting science experiments. With space exploration, our desire to answer fundamental questions about our place in the Universe can not only help to expand technology, but it helps us look at things in new ways and it seems to help foster a sense of cooperation, and if I may peaceful and enduring connections with our fellow humans. Who hasnt wanted to go over the next horizon and see what is beyond? Are we alone? Lets go! Working across borders and languages can be difficult, but for the mission to succeed, cooperation is essential. Their complex culture imploded. Helmut Jenkner, who is currently the Interim Head of the Hubble Space Telescope Mission, told me that the international nature of the Hubble mission has brought an inherent diversity to the project. Our current understanding of space is unparalleled to any time before in our history, but we still only know a small fraction of what there is to learn. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Despite that during the space race many thought that the monetary investment in space would not yield any achievements, they could not have been more wrong. IDS100 1 3Discussion Space Exploration Through Liberal Arts Lens Yet there is still controversy on the need to continue space exploration when our own planet has so many detrimental problems. When the black holes are lined up, you even get a double lens! He repeated these claims after Yuri Gagarins orbital flight in 1961. manage the unintended consequences of mans foray into a new frontier. and the continued What do we learn about ourselves and society when we engage with an artifact through this lens? Ellen Klein taught philosophy at Flagler College in Florida, and is now an independent scholar living in Washington DC. No amount of predictions can see into the future, therefore no one knows have safe, money-saving, or really just intelligent space exploration may prove. Artists, musicians, historians, diplomats, economists, law students, political scientists and sociologists have all contributed to our understanding of the space age and its impact on our societies over the past decades. While exploring the cartographic collections at the Boston Public Library, participants also had the opportunity to engage in hands-on GeoHumanities work with theBoston Maps Project, a collaboration between the library and Northeasterns NULab for Texts, Maps, and Networks. It is a unique perspective of explaining the reason why we need to explore outer space and mining resources, each step produces considerable benefits. Working for the U.S. Army at the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, the German rocket engineers were led by Wernher von Braun and had developed the German V2 rocket into a more powerful rocket, called the Jupiter C, or Juno. Although this article is shorter than most of other resources, it clearly explains the whole processes of space exploration as a benign cycle, space resources produce economy, economy provides technologies, technologies creates opportunities to future exploration, future exploration leads to more discoveries and resources, and then back to increase in economy. This was for an experiment operated by researcher James Van Allen, which, together with measurements from later satellites, proved the existence of what are now called the Van Allen radiation belts around Earth.In 1958, space exploration activities in the United States were consolidated into a new government agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Humans have always looked into the night sky and pondered the origins of what they witness beyond the stratosphere. One example that really had my interest was with natural science we can research read. Exploring space can lead to many new and exciting discoveries such as (see hubble, planets, kepler, moon rocks etc). Space exploration can be viewed as the quintessential achievement of technological and scientific modernity. Convergence and Divergence Both lenses discuss how over a period of time scientific advancement has improved significantly . After its flyby of Pluto, New Horizons Such goals are important, but maybe they should be put into a more universal perspective, valued more instrumentally, for maintaining a relatively stable world which will finally allow humanity to work toward our mastery of outer space. Since space travel is one of the great symbolic achievements of Western civilization, and its origins are morally suspect, embedded as they are in the two great totalitarian socialist regimes of the 20th century, it is only natural that some will seek to tear down the ultimate triumph of American Exceptionalism. If youre going to talk about inclusivity, you shouldnt really be quoting a divisive figure like Obama. However, NASA is not just about flying rockets and putting men into space. Space exploration is foundational to climate science because it provides us with more information about the Earth, our solar system and the role of gases in our atmosphere, and nuclear energy has played an important role powering our missions into space. While some argue there are drawbacks to space exploration, I think that the benefits outweigh these drawbacks. An easy way to visualize this would be to think about it in terms of colors. He said that if human beings are intrinsically valuable, then the more of them there are the better. contact binarythat is, two Kuiper belt objects that had merged together.. This minisite is meant to be a reference area, collecting together the various creative and cultural activities supported by ESA, across all areas of our agency, which aim to create awareness and broaden public interest in space. Viewing the space exploration through the four lenses has broadened my view more than it has The institute included GeoHumanities experiences that extend outside the academic sphere, encouraging educators to connect with a range of cultural organizations. A less belligerent, but no less competitive, part of the Cold War was the space race. That is, one of the reasons that we value people is because people, by definition, have the potential to value value themselves, value others, and, of course, to value valuing. He says this is a step towards later taking a sub-orbital space journey. changed it. However, the motivation of this funding was not for science it was political, as the government was determined to beat Russia in the Cold War Space Race. Since June 2006, the renowned British astrophysicist Stephen Hawking has also begun to make statements supporting large-scale colonization of space. SOLUTION: IDS 100 Space Exploration Through Science & History Lens 3-1 Discussion - Space exploration through the four lenses - I always believed that the space - Studocu discussion space exploration through the four lenses viewing the space exploration through the four lenses has broadened my view more than it has changed it. During the time that has passed since the launching of the first artificial satellite in 1957, astronauts have traveled to the moon, probes have explored the solar system, and instruments in space have discovered thousands of planets around other stars. Following on the success of its photoreconnaissance satellites, which began operation in 1960, the United States built increasingly complex observation and electronic-intercept intelligence satellites. Spaceflight represents the best chance for humanity to continue climbing up that evolutionary ladder. She or he will best know the preferred format. Social Science And Humanities Lens: A Comparative Analysis. Richard Branson has offered to provide such a flight for Hawking in the next few years. Philosophy Now 2023. In the early 21st century, entrepreneurs believed that there were several other areas of commercial potential in space, most notably privately funded space travel. Environmental management has benefited the most with 11.3%, while transport and urban planning benefited 9.7%. That planetary perspective is crucial to the future of humanity and our ability solve world-wide problems. On a robotic spacecraft, the many different components and instruments on board are built by different companies, sometimes in several different countries, but yet all the pieces have to fit together perfectly in order for a mission to succeed. If we are to truly achieve our potential, and not have human history end here on Earth, regardless of how healthily, peacefully, and contentedly let alone slip away like the Rapanui of Easter Island then we require a commitment of extra-global proportions. Or a later incarnation, as it cooled and allowed the life we now know as Jurassic? This site is not complete, and will grow with the creativity of those contributing to it. People from all over the globe need to take seriously the likelihood that due to our various political and ideological ideas we too may be headed for disaster. Over the past several months, I interviewed 37 NASA scientists and engineers from current robotic missions for a book I wrote, Incredible Stories From Space: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Missions Changing Our View of the Cosmos. In all these stories these scientists and engineers shared with me, several things stood out. ), The mysterious vastness beyond Earth has allured many scientists to explore and contribute much of their effort to the understanding of space. Even these off-world places, as well as their surrounding space, are already under the auspices of agencies such as the United Nations, with written documents of rules and regulations, such as the Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space and the Status of International Agreements Relating to Activities in Outer Space. Society have even taken a step forward through the creation of stories in books and movies based of the idea of humans living in space and the present of alliances. A delightful childrens book titled Team Moon: How 400,000 People Landed Apollo 11 on the Moon by Catherine Thimmesh shows how it took hundreds of thousands of people from not just the United States, but also from around the world to send the astronauts to the Moon.
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