it means that all the well known requirements of other standards are met (e.g. Sources: American Chemistry Council and National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR). The paper moisture influence to the carton reliability Corrugated cardboard boxes are no exception. Typical analog range is 0-10% moisture and up to as much as 40%, subject to . endobj Improve Maternal Outcomes at Your Health Care Facility, Proposed Requirements Related to Environmental Sustainability Field Review, Ambulatory Health Care: 2023 National Patient Safety Goals, Assisted Living Community: 2023 National Patient Safety Goals, Behavioral Health Care and Human Services: 2023 National Patient Safety Goals, Critical Access Hospital: 2023 National Patient Safety Goals, Home Care: 2023 National Patient Safety Goals, Hospital: 2023 National Patient Safety Goals, Laboratory Services: 2023 National Patient Safety Goals, Nursing Care Center: 2023 National Patient Safety Goals, Office-Based Surgery: 2023 National Patient Safety Goals, The Term Licensed Independent Practitioner Eliminated for AHC and OBS, New Requirements for Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics, The Term Licensed Independent Practitioner Eliminated, Updates to the Patient Blood Management Certification Program Requirements, New Assisted Living Community Accreditation Memory Care Certification Option, Health Care Equity Standard Elevated to National Patient Safety Goal, New and Revised Emergency Management Standards, New Health Care Equity Certification Program, Updates to the Advanced Disease-Specific Care Certification for Inpatient Diabetes Care, Updates to the Assisted Living Community Accreditation Requirements, Updates to the Comprehensive Cardiac Center Certification Program, Health Care Workforce Safety and Well-Being, Report a Patient Safety Concern or Complaint, The Joint Commission Stands for Racial Justice and Equity, The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety and Quality Award, Bernard J. Tyson National Award for Excellence in Pursuit of Healthcare Equity, Continuing Education Credit Information FAQs. Fortunately, combating the harmful effects of low humidity need not be complicated or expensive. For this analysis, EPA classified products made of paper and paperboard materials as either nondurable goods or as containers and packaging. Continue your learning with a deeper dive into our standards, chapter by-chapter, individually or as a team. Corrugated Board Moisture - Moist Tech For example, at 50% relative humidity (RH) a corrugated box is at 80% of its potential stacking strength. We can make a difference on your journey to provide consistently excellent care for each and every patient. First, its important to ensure compatibility between the film used and the stretch-wrap machinery. Guidelines for storing and handling corrugated | Packaging World 4 0 obj How to Prevent Moisture in Sea Containers | Center for Packaging and What is The Joint Commission's position on managing cardboard or corrugated boxes and shipping containers? boxes with higher basis weight, using wet strength resin additives or adhesives or application of surface barrier coatings. In addition to accreditation, certification, and verification, we provide tools and resources for health care professionals that can help make a difference in the delivery of care. An excel testing template is available as a tool to support the statistical evaluation of the test results and communication with suppliers/customers. Whether the unit load is columnar or interlocking, whats desired is that the boxes stack in aligned fashion, something made less probable by boxes that are out-of-square. Storing & Handling Guidelines - Corrugated & Cardboard Box %PDF-1.5 When it is impossible to avoid extremes or fluctuations, bring the boxes to the packing line or another area for a period of time to condition them to a more normal atmosphere before using them. Q&A: Corrugated cardboard boxes - Regulations, Codes & Standards Please click here to see any active alerts. The type of dunnage selected depends on the type of shipment and the other packaging materials being used, as well as convenience and price. )3$q:z]==V/_WwOw~cogf8{<>E5ep8\3^G}`*Y After all, they must need the product (they ordered it, right?). Returning to the 95% statistic that opened this article, its division among the versions of corrugated might vary; however, corrugated, as an overall category, will retain its dominance. SRI also provided recycling data for steel containers and packaging. Official websites use .gov In this table below published in the Handbook of Package Engineering (c.1992), you can see that the greater the humidity the less stacking strength a box has. Acceptance Conditions and Procedure for Certifying Bodies, World standards - Comparison testing methods FEFCO / EN / ISO / TAPPI, FEFCO Technical Specifications for Converting Equipment_V1.2, The updated document is now available here, this plant can guarantee that the product delivered to the customer fulfils all. Most plants are now checking their combined board's total moisture content, measuring it off of the dry end of the corrugator with an automatic weighing and drying oven (see Special Note). When building pallet loads of flat boxes, use deck boards to distribute weight evenly. endobj What are some specific problems caused by moisture? Stretch film, also known as stretch wrap or pallet wrap, is one of the most popular unitization materials on the market. On the other hand, there is the potential for a significant amount of undamaged product being rejected. To put it another way, dont treat damage research like an Easter egg hunt. The net import of unfilled aluminum cans is estimated from data collected by the Department of Commerce. Find evidence-based sources on preventing infections in clinical settings. Although it would be difficult to calculate the reduction of strength under fluctuating conditions over time, the chart below (Protective Packaging for Distribution, 2010) is used to determine the compression strength loss over time under various environmental conditions. Container and packaging products, especially corrugated boxes, are among frequently recycled products. Review only, FAQ is current: Periodic review completed, no changes to content. High-humidity conditions can weaken the adhesive that bonds the fluted medium to the liners, enough, in fact, that the corrugated can delaminate. Number 8860726. How Environmental Conditions Impact Corrugated Boxes of strength/force applied to hold the product together. Stretch Wrapper + Film Cost and ROI Calculator, 6075 Lakeside Blvd This can be done by using a stretch wrap machine, or by simply spiral wrapping the load by hand. Moisture not only affects corrugated functionally, it also diminishes the appearance of the container. A key element of this strategy is a root cause analysis, which reveals the where, what, why aspects of product damage, setting the stage for impactful, money-saving improvements throughout the supply chain. In 2018, paper and paperboard (cardboard) materials comprised the largest component of municipal solid waste (MSW). But theres a way to maximize its space. Aesthetically, corrugated takes on a faded, dried-out appearance, even through kraft-brown liners. In establishing practices meant to assure that corrugated is fit for its intended purposes, the guidelines are, Keep out of reach of hazardous conditions, and, Handle with care., _____________________________________________________________________________________________, Sterling Anthony is a consultant, specializing in the strategic use of marketing, logistics, and packaging. The recycling rate of PET bottles and jars was 29.1 percent in 2018 (910,000 tons). At 85% RH, a box has 50% of its potential stacking strength. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. We develop and implement measures for accountability and quality improvement. If you work in the seafood industry, you know exactly how delicate the process of transporting the latest catch to its point of sale can On April 28, we join the rest of Canada in observing the Day of Mourning. Moisture Content Testing | Center for Packaging and Unit Load Design The logical question one would ask, then, Is all the packaging thats being used necessary? In many cases, the answer is no. The new national standard states that the moisture content of the paper should not be above 14%, which means that the paperboard has an . Improper and fluctuations in relative humidity can be seen in: These can result in the box structure breaking down, leading to a reduction in strength and, eventually, failure. The data below are from 1960 to 2018, relating to the total number of tons of steel containers and packaging generated, recycled, composted, combusted with energy recovery and landfilled. . Our sensor calibrations, measurement wavelengths, algorithms and sensor optical requirements are pre-set at the factory. On average, the figure is around 2%. The converting machines play a major role in obtaining the required quality level of the finished products. A dash in the table means that data is not available. Check out our Frequent Questions page. Workers should never toss, drop, or drag shipping boxes. Nondurable goods made of paper, excluding newspapers, had a recycling rate of 43.1 percent, while newspapers had a recycling rate of 64.8 percent. Manual operations are slowed and automated case erectors are jammed. Weather Effects on Cardboard Boxes & Humidity | PackMojo The result is known as moisture resistant adhesive (MRA). Gain an understanding of the development of electronic clinical quality measures to improve quality of care. Box users make major investments in the development, production and promotion of their products. Learn about the "gold standard" in quality. the moisture content of box board paper is (12 4)% moisture content is the moisture content in the paperboard, expressed in percentage, and the calculation formula is: moisture content = (original weight of sample - weight of sample after drying) 100% /original weight of sample Before putting together a plan, lets examine how product damage occurs and some questions to ponder. We know, boxes are not rocket science. Excessive moisture or water can soften or even dissolve the corrugating adhesive, causing delamination; a box that literally falls apart wont offer much protection. Corrugated box design - Wikipedia In 2018, the recycling rate of generated packaging and containers was 53.9 percent. These latter quantities are not well documented, but the Agency estimated that amount of generation was 340,000 tons in 2018, none of which moved on to recycling or composting. The total amount of paper and paperboard combusted in 2018was 4.2million tons. The more in-depth information you uncover and the more precisely you can identify the sources of the issues, the better youll be able to develop and execute a corrective action plan. Learn about the development and implementation of standardized performance measures. Nondurable goods include products such as office papers, newspapers, tissue paper, and paper plates and cups. Data on the production of wood packaging are derived from purchased market research and research from the Center for Forest Products at Virginia Tech and the United States Department of Agriculture's Forest Service Southern Research Station. In addition to any aforementioned approaches that can be modified for low humidity, inventory control can be effective, utilizing FIFO (first-in-first-out). That doesnt automatically mean that a company needs to go an energy-intensive route via ambient-control devices. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Paperboards were subjected to WVTR test for 7 days at 22C temperature, 55% humidity and 42C temperature, 85%humidity values using Thwing-Al-bert EZ-Cup Vapometer Permeability Cups. PDF Moisture Content: A Key Issue for Manufacturing and Printing of The FEFCO GMP standard was launched at the end of 2003, renewed in 2006, to ensure that corrugated boxes meet all the requirements of quality, safety and hygiene. Storage and transportation of corrugated boxes can expose them to varying and often fluctuating environmental conditions. In very humid environments, such as a warehouse with an uncontrolled climate in the summertime, stacking strength is greatly reduced. }]'YfN U zQnh)=nozo3gip&I|-5S|G~x?SAYY?\YX5~Z0oE8f6:34cw& XvZ-r) 4xB*vtlZsvq{ s8eSp|GcS*=hX f+*Pga!,#`~PT(9Ux]Ep|%P?>/+|xI 2$J[sASSt!X%PE$tC]a [email protected]` q p-"Aw;q^0rDNQNdS0Z"'Szt#c7Fz{DTm+p?iKB0)i:,3bJA41) Develop a thorough understanding of how each part of the process affects the other: Is loading being done properly at the distribution center? Knowing this, corrugated board manufacturers add small amounts of resins to the adhesive to give it moisture resistance. We also collaborate with our supply chain partners to develop the optimal packaging materials for your specific needs. 2023 PMMI Media Group. In our latest case study, learn about NION Health's revolutionary "negative ion" supplement and how their luxurious NION Health has the distinction and the challenge of being the first of its kind on the market as producers of the first safely Upgrade your product's packaging game with GLBC's custom solutions. Offering Packaging & Display Solutions for Over 50 Years, How Environmental Conditions Impact Corrugated Boxes, Marketing Secrets for Stand-Out Custom Retail Displays, Captivate Customers with the Best Design for Custom Counter Display Boxes, Customized eCommerce Packaging Supplies Foster Brand Loyalty and Reduce Total Cost, 3 Tips For Creating Effective Custom Point of Purchase Displays, Custom Countertop Displays Capitalize on Impulse Buying, [email protected], [email protected], Relative humidity, under load (cyclical RH variation further increases compressive loss). 0k2d% u:EN0xIueRf/#:{TM,IVV Uf=x(O'*X* %il _3DF=QF w(&TzSy%*ty{v9b Odt~lcgAUV\? How Humidity Affects Corrugated Boxes - FlexPAC PCR Content Popularity Gains on the Horizon, unPACKed podcast: MRFs & Flexible Packaging Need to Coexist, Food Lion Brand Demos Advanced Recycling-Based Circular System. Containers and packaging make up a major portion ofmunicipal solid waste (MSW), amounting to 82.2 million tons of generation in 2018 (28.1 percent of total generation). With the landscape of product damage defined, the path toward improvement must start with a robust system that helps pinpoint where efforts need to be focused. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Boxes and containers may have been exposed to unknown and potentially high microbial contamination. No changes to content. Other paper and paperboard packaging in MSW includes milk and juice cartons and other products packaged in gable top cartons and liquid food aseptic cartons, folding cartons (e.g., cereal boxes, frozen food boxes, some department store boxes), bags and sacks, wrapping papers, and other paper and paperboard packaging (primarily set-up boxes such as shoe, cosmetic and candy boxes). Source: American Forest and Paper Association. When this occurs, the two vertical edges of the box not hanging over the pallet edge are primarily supporting the load. Relative Humidity Effects on the Compression Strength of Corrugated Boxes In fact, its possible that damage waste has a greater adverse impact on the environment than the extra packaging itself. In todays workplace, five generations are actively employed. EPA used statistics from the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) to estimate post-consumer paper and paperboard generation in 2018. Surprisingly, the top tier is third on the vulnerability scale. Measurement devices could be obtained from the suppliers: Both cases can lead to failure. Many suppliers have paper or cardboard distribution boxes that are designed for use in laboratory, pharmacy, patient care areas or sterile storage areas. Too much moisture can lead to weakened cellulose fibers, delamination, and weakened glue bonds. Each component of the supply chainpackage design, manufacturing, transportation, warehousing/distribution, retail support, retail operationsas well as Mother Nature herself can be a source of damage. His contact information is: 100 Renaissance Center- P.O. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS It reduces the chance of moisture damage as well as cracks and creases due to dryness. Another set of problems relate to unitizing. Pallets should be of quality construction; otherwise, splinters, protruding nails, and other defects can inflict damage. Avoid temperature and humidity extremes and fluctuations in storage areas. Moisture Content Takes a Leading Role. Faced with the manufacturing-industry standard of a two-hour unload window or risk hefty detention charges, retailers frequently reject entire unit loads at the dockeven if only one or two cartons are damaged. We should do our best to keep boxes relatively dry because humidity can have a huge impact on their performance. Please see the EPA Methodology Document for further information on estimating the generation and management of paper and paperboard. The multipliers can be used to calculate compression loss for specific situations. Kiln dried pallets have a much lower moisture content (~19%), and they will not release moisture when shipped because this MC is below the EMC in sea containers. This Standards FAQ was first published on this date. The data below are from 1960 to 2018, relating to the total number of tons of wood packaging generated, recycled, composted, combusted with energy recovery and landfilled. Moisture adsorption in palletised corrugated fibreboard cartons under As much as 11% of unit loads arriving at a distribution center have some level of case damage. But are they cognizant of the tremendous cost and waste that result from this practice? Before putting together a plan to reduce package damage during distribution and transportation through the supply chain, you need to examine how damage occurs and ponder these questions. Because corrugated is hygroscopic, the relative humidity of the storage area should be maintained within favorable tolerances. How to test the moisture of Corrugated Boxes? - prestogroup The stacking of unit loads saves space; however, some type of flat cover should be placed on the top of a unit load in order to evenly distribute the superimposed weight. Leave the strapping, bundling or other unitizing device in place until boxes are ready for use. Sources: USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station and Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Workers have a couple options. <> They also provide sales and marketing benefits. Boxes and Shipping Containers | Hospital and Hospital Clinics This web page provides an overview of data on containers and packaging in municipal solid waste (MSW). If corrugated cardboard becomes wet, it becomes a source for bacterial growth. Experience has demonstrated that a target moisture from 5.8 to 7.5% total combined board moisture works well throughout the year. NEW: Auditors need to renew certification documents every 5 years. EPA defines containers and packaging as products that are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased. 4dn2PE;o%jM ]oPk3x H7,9F;* F#u ghEIk*aMx\EV)lDPf!>%{ m sHq*XJmNl3p#N3)}X6uUWZWmH[7V{!+)HD?^M@=L`dTm.tVm$Ex7D`9X$W;$_4H+W+Qoj%H <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> EPA measures the generation, recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery and landfilling of paper and paperboard products. The moisture content of the box is determined by environmental relative humidity. Berry et al., 2019; Peleg, 1993), and thus the value of EMC (equilibrium moisture content, kg/m 3 ) is estimated by using the PFP model as shown in Equation (15 Moisture Range for Paper: 4% to 18% Moisture range for baled scrap paper: 6% to 40% Selection of paper types : 3 The setting of Tolerance limits Displays Pass-Fail Report Average of up to 100 readings displayed Data storage: max 300 readings (100 per paper type) Inbuilt Calibration Facility Battery Type: Compact 9V Alkaline Battery Saving mode Still have a question about the data? FEFCO Corrugated Packaging Recyclability Guidelines - design for circularity. That way, the oldest inventory is used rather than remaining around and becoming more compromised. The moisture content of corrugated materials prefers a state of equilibrium with atmospheric humidity. Many important moisture processes within corrugated packaging during optimal shipping conditions were investigated and these provide useful base-line information for . One effective strategy is pinwheeling, in which the direction of every other pallet is altered. They can pull the pallet and put it in a re-coup area and submit a claim to the manufacturer. This article will use the word corrugated to refer to boxes in the KD (knocked-down) position, in contrast to the erected box. Extreme cold also affects moisture content, making the boxes more fragile. EPA estimated the generation of aluminum packaging at 1.9 million tons in 2018, or 0.7 percent of MSW generation. Looking for other information? Incredibly, it has been found that improper palletization can result in boxes losing up to 50% of their compression strength! EPA estimated 14.5 million tons of plastic containers and packaging were generated in 2018, approximately 5.0 percent of MSW generation. <>>> endobj Find out about the current National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) for specific programs. Contact us to get started on your next project. Most of the damage on an inbound load is compression based, with the lowest tier of a unit load being the most vulnerable, and the second tier the next most vulnerable. Higher humidity levels can drastically affect corrugate strength. How the unit load is designed and interacts with material handling, packaging and transportation go a long way to determining the extent, if any, of damage. Heat can reduce the moisture content of corrugated boxes, making them brittle. The total amount of paper and paperboard combusted in 2018 was 4.2 million tons. The construction of a box can become even more complicated for dangerous goods. But is there an optimal balance between overpackaging and underpackaging? Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Higher humidity levels can drastically affect corrugate strength. The Joint Commission is a registered trademark of the Joint Commission enterprise. This web page contains material-specific information and data on paper and paperboard. Obtain useful information in regards to patient safety, suicide prevention, infection control and many more. %PDF-1.5 The Reel Identification and Finishing Guidelines published in December 2017 has been developed by FEFCO together with Cepi ContainerBoard (CCB) and contains the principles for reels labelling as well as core requirements. Container and packaging products, especially corrugated boxes, are among frequently recycled products. This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. All actors of the supply chain (e.g. Approximately 46million tons of paper and paperboard were recycled in 2018for a recycling rate of 68.2percent, which was the highest compared to other materials in MSW. How to ensure your best conveying project yet. Alternate bundle direction, or alternate loose boxes at intervals for greater stability. You need to be laser focused on specific targets, so you know exactly where to make improvements. Store boxes indoors and protect them from overhead moisture. If the relative humidity is low, the corrugated will give up moisture. Wood packaging includes mostly wood pallets, as well as wood crates. Equilibrium moisture content for the corrugated fibreboard used in this Whenever possible, they should be handled only with tools like pallet jacks, forklifts and hand trucks rather than manually. Humidity varies by region and season, a fact intuitively grasped by all. FEFCO Technical Specifications for Converting Equipment_V1.2is meant to support all those in the industry who are involved in selecting converting machines, defining the specifications of the machines, commissioning the machines and using them after installation. Corrugated boxes can protect even the most fragile items, including glass and chemical liquids. Implementing this GMP means having a total control system in place in each manufacturing plant. 1 0 obj Recycling data for other aluminum packaging categories were not available for 2018. Extreme cold also affects moisture content, making the boxes more fragile. Glass containers include beer and soft drink bottles, wine and liquor bottles, as well as bottles and jars for food and juices, cosmetics, and other products. The main purpose of packaging is to provide protection for products. Smaller proportions were combusted for energy recovery (3.7 percent) and landfilled (15.4 percent). A simple, effective solution can be to choose an area within the facility that is least susceptible to high-humidity conditions; for example, rather than an area close to the loading docks, with their routine raising of doors and the ingress of humidity, a better area is one that is farther into the interior of the facility. That worker should be trained to never toss, drag, or drop that bundle. Moisture and temperature are important considerations when discussing the strength and longevity of corrugated boxes. Throughout its time in storage and up to the time its erected into a box, corrugated should remain flat and never stored on its edge. Get a deep dive into our standards, chapter-by-chapter, individually or as a team. We have the experience to ask the right questions to ensure the boxes we provide you will meet your products needs and will remain structurally sound. The porosity of wood fibers, which is what corrugated boxes are made of, allows it to absorb and release moisture, a phenomenon that isknown as hygroscopy. The corrugated industry produces the N1 transport packaging in the world.