C) caused by the Earth passing near the orbit of an old short-period comet. e. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, d. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only, All the terrestrial planets lie inside the asteroid belt. Omissions? D) go no farther out than Pluto, then return to the sun again. Meteor showers are caused by an interaction between a planet and debris from a comet trail. Jupiter and Saturn formed earlier and captured nebular gas before it was cleared out. This could have been the result of a passing star, or shock waves from a supernova, but the end result was a gravitational collapse at the center of the cloud.. According to the Solar Nebula theory, planets: a. should be a common result of star fomration, b. spins faster due to conservation of angular momentum. [28][68] After that, the accretion rates increase dramatically and the remaining 90% of the mass is accumulated in approximately 10,000years. Solved Our solar system was created from a dust and gas - Chegg A recent paper show that terrestrial planets would suffer impacts on the great impact scale, between 1 to 8 as norm with an average of 3. The hot-Jupiters and warm-Jupiters are thought to have migrated to their current orbits during or following their formation. Name three properties of the solar nebula still seen in planetary orbits. Planetary orbits lie beyond the orbit of neptune and close to the ecliptic, Which of these bodies are most likely to break up over time? d) will revolve opposite the star's rotation. Describe the processes that took place according to the solar nebula theory and specifically how it came to be that we have a star and planets rotating around that star and the orbital motion of. Abe Mizrahi, Edward E. Prather, Gina Brissenden, Jeff P. Adams, Jeffrey O. Bennett, Mark Voit, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas O. Schneider, Foundations of Astronomy plus The Night Sky Planisphere - Latitude 30- 40. B) they contain pristine material from the solar nebula. A) spins faster due to conservation of angular momentum. Here is a brief outline of the current theory of the events in the early history of the solar system: A cloud of interstellar gas and/or dust (the "solar nebula") is disturbed and collapses under its own gravity. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Scientists Identify the Source of the Moons Water, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_disc_and_gas_streams_around_HD_142527_%28Animation%29.ogg/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_disc_and_gas_streams_around_HD_142527_%28Animation%29.ogg.480p.webm. Eventually, when the sun became luminous enough, the unnecessary dust and gas was blown away into space, leaving the planets around the sun. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you If they form near the end of the oligarchic stage, as is thought to have happened in the Solar System, they will influence the merges of planetary embryos, making them more violent. a ________. The process by which small debris condenses into planetesimals is ________. The law of conservation of angular momentum. concentrating denser materials nearer the Sun. Planetary transits of exoplanets are rare because It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Intro to Astronomy Ch. 8 Flashcards | Quizlet So, as the sun formed, the planets formed from these ingredients. a chunk of space debris that has struck the ground. Convection Zone of the Sun Overview & Process | How Hot is the Center of the Sun? [68] The accretion of gas stops when the supply from the disk is exhausted. Answer: In Nebular Theory, the Sun originated in a Nebula. succeed. Solar Nebula - Development, Theory of Formation and FAQs - Vedantu Planetesimals Concept & Theory | What are Planetesimals? A) large jovians orbiting solar-type stars about where our jovians are found. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A body in orbit about a planet is a ________. The first spacecraft to land on the surface of an asteroid was named A) weight divided by the planet's radius. The larger terrestrial planets have surface features that tend to be C) They vary considerably in composition, reflectivity, and size. B) beyond the orbit of Neptune B) noting the drop in the star's light as the planet transits its disk. Most objects in the Solar System have a common direction of revolution and rotation because they formed from the same rotating gas cloud. D) flattens out into the ecliptic plane around the Sun's poles. Moon Formation Theories & Overview | What is the Capture Theory? Long-period comets are believed to originally come from According to the nebular theory, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen - giant molecular clouds or GMC. According to the solar nebula theory, why is there a common direction of revolution and rotation for most objects in the Solar System? In contrast, the giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed beyond the point between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where material is cool enough for volatile icy compounds to remain solid (i.e. Are generally small, rocky bodies sharing many similarities and also differences. [73] The orbits of many of these planets and systems of planets differ significantly from the planets in the Solar System. B) an icy body with a long tail extending from it. c. the satellite system of Jupiter. This diagram represents the solar nebula early in its history and shows the location of the frost line. In addition to revolving around the Sun counter clockwise, most planets also rotate on their axis Streaks of light made when small debris hits our atmosphere are called ________. The collapse of an interstellar cloud into a disk, Kants central idea was that the solar system began as a cloud of dispersed particles. If a massive companion planet or star on an inclined orbit was present an exchange of inclination for eccentricity via the Kozai mechanism raising eccentricities and lowering perihelion followed by circularization can also result in a close orbit. In the solar nebular theory, the dusty disk condensing around the Sun's equator became the c. caused by the Earth passing near the orbit of an old short-period comet What is not a line of evidence supporting the hypothesis that our Moon formed as a result of a giant impact? E) all have rings around their equators. But, with no container and no gravity, what is the natural shape of a blob of water? 325 lessons. E) a broken up cometary nucleus. The idea that the Solar System originated from a nebula was first proposed in 1734 by Swedish scientist and theologian Emanual Swedenborg. Corrections? George H. A. Cole (2013). Astronomy Ch02.5: Ranking Task: Lunar Phases, Process of Science: Observation Techniques, Abe Mizrahi, Edward E. Prather, Gina Brissenden, Jeff P. Adams. lower due to presence of a lot of ________. While the ball at the center formed the Sun, the rest of the material would form into the protoplanetary disc. The planets are of two different types. C) have satellite systems with less than 4 moons. B) the interstellar medium. A) slower due to conservation of angular momentum. B) most asteroids D) the asteroid Gaspra. [80] The clouds of captured hydrogen and helium gas contracted, spun up, flattened, and deposited gas onto the surface of each giant protoplanet, while solid bodies within that disk accreted into the giant planet's regular moons. C) loses angular momentum. d. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only B) the jovian planets are made only of ice, and the terrestrials only of rock. In some cases, we have seen extrasolar planets pass in front of their stars. The latter case corresponds to the so-called hot Jupiters, which are likely to have stopped their migration when they reached the inner hole in the protoplanetary disk. E) a chunk of space debris orbiting the Earth. Astronomy-Chapter 15 Flashcards | Quizlet D) the jovian planets are more like the Sun than are the terrestrials. In the most elaborate model which makes Earth isotope measurements easiest to predict, by free coupling the processes, the 1st generation of super massive stars would go supernova in 1-10 million years. Learn more about the solar nebula theory and the distinction between the catastrophic theories of the solar system's formation and the more gradual, evolutionary theories. (z > w): " << ! [21] The formation of planets like Uranus and Neptune is more problematic, since no theory has been capable of providing for the in situ formation of their cores at the distance of 2030AU from the central star. D) the surface of Mars According to the nebular theory, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen giant molecular clouds (GMC). [74] The in situ growth of hot Jupiters from closely orbiting super Earths has also been proposed. However, the first generation of star systems in the universe probably consisted only of hydrogen and helium. b. the Kuiper belt Suppose you discover an object that is made of metal, rock, and ice. What is the primary reason that astronomers suspect that some jovian moons were captured into their current orbits? These giant clouds are gravitationally precarious, and matter combines inside them to more modest denser clumps, which at that point rotate, collapse, and form stars. The tail of a comet always points C) asteroids [39] In an accretion disk, there is a net flux of mass from larger radii toward smaller radii. He proposed instead the catastrophic or tidal theory, first suggested by the American geologist Thomas C. Chamberlin. B) Comet Halley. The ________ planets are large bodies in the outer solar system with compositions like the Sun's. d. According to the nebular theory of solar system formation, what key difference in their early formation explains why the jovian planets ended up so different from the terrestrial planets? Describe the function(s) of the placenta. Which explains why the reflex reaction is important in certain situations: a. there are no neurotransmitters in interneurons, b. sending a message up the spinal cord takes time, c. sensory neurons are very slow to form action potentials, d. the brain does not control motor neurons. While a terrestrial planet is a planet made of solid material, such as rock or metals, a Jovian planet is comprised of mostly gases (such as hydrogen, helium, or other similar gases). Chapter 4: The Solar System: Interplanetary M, Astrononmy: The Terrestrial Planets: Ch 6, American Literature: Frederick Douglass, Olau, Jeffrey O. Bennett, Mark Voit, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas O. Schneider. E) a flattened belt of cometary nuclei just beyond the orbit of Neptune. B) caused by the Earth passing near the orbit of an Earthgrazing asteroid. Nice overview, and I learned a lot. The sun and planets formed from a single cloud that was slowly rotating. Corrections? Now scientists have come up with grain collapse scenarios, where grains start to follow each other for reasons of gravity and viscous properties of the disk, I think. C) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto All planets lie in orbits close to the ________ plane. The terrestrial planets are made almost entirely of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. E) the polar cap of Mars. Swedish philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg in 1734 proposed that the planets formed out of a nebular crust that had surrounded the Sun and then broken apart. Meteoric material dates the formation of the solar system at about ________ billion years. All ________ planets have rings around their equators. Some Properties of the solar nebula : - counterclockwise rotation while condensing - the condensing nebula flattened out around the ecliptic ( the plane of the sun's equator) - the nebulas are formed as concentric rings (circle) Similar properties in planets : - all planets orbit the sun in counterclockwise direction We expect other solar systems to be common because while we feel that our solar system is unique or special, we also do not want to consider ourselves alone in the universe. 2. The theory was proposed by French mathematician Pierre Simon Laplace . e. the asteroid belt, The Trojan asteroids are found: D) are all much more dense than any of the terrestrial planets. The ices that formed these planets were more plentiful. The astronomy course I attended looked at the core collapse model of large planets. According to the Solar Nebula theory, planets e. cout << "x + y < z: " << (x + y < z) << endl; How many of the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction that Earth does? B) toward Earth and never varies. a) should be a common result of star formation. E) Saturn has the same density as water. The nucleus of a comet is typically [63] Mars and Mercury may be regarded as remaining embryos that survived that rivalry. Ices condensed only in the outer solar system, where some icy planetesimals grew large enough to attract gas from the nebula, while only metal and rock condensed in the inner solar system, making terrestrial . b. mass times weight D) away from the Sun and becomes longest and brightest at perihelion. The resonant orbits of some of the exoplanet systems indicates that some migration occurred in these systems, while the spacing of the orbits in many of the other systems not in resonance indicates that an instability likely occurred in those systems after the dissipation of the gas disk. But as we have learned, the inner planets and outer planets have radically different axial tilts.. B) more cratered. Comets are not actually members of the solar system, but have been captured by the Sun. [2] One hypothesis is that they initially accreted in the Jupiter-Saturn region, then were scattered and migrated to their present location. [22], However, that meaning should not be confused with the process of accretion forming the planets. For example, there is the problem of tilted axes.