E.g. A nice geographic split (that may or may not actually mean much), much like that which exists within Indo-European languages. Did you accidentally erase all your work? What are the general categories of sound changes? (For instance, the orthography may only apply to the parent language.) This subreddit is focused on the discussion of conlangs, tools, and activities to aid you in the construction of your own conlang, and creating a community environment where we can all enjoy conlanging together, Scan this QR code to download the app now. means that c changes to i after a front vowel and before a t. You can use variables in the first two parts as well. SIL International (formerly the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is a US-based, worldwide, Christian non-profit organization, whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages and aid minority language development. Some web browsers have a couple of problems with the shortcuts when writing online, but mouse-clicking always works. Word generators allow conlangers to quickly create a lexicon from a simple phonology and a defined syllabic structure. This version is written in Javascript, which means it runs in your browser. I find myself running the program multiple times, tweaking the rules Consider the word . From: Henrik Theiling <theiling@.> Date: Sunday, May 14, 2006, 21:43 |< < Post > >| << List/Tree >> May 2006 Index. says to change u to The rules can be written in any of the following forms: where x becomes y when x is between a and b. cd c:\downloads\. The program will handle whatever you put into the .lex and .sc Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . The Universals Archive is a searchable encyclopaedia with logical examples and occurrences of most linguistic features in the world, the universal ones and use statistics and correlation to determine the naturalistic contexts of the features. k/s/_F The Conlangery Podcast is a weekly podcast created by conlangers, for conlangers. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . This is a type of assimilation. Pronounce one of the words over and over and try "permutations in the phonetic neighbourhood" like CWADRUT CWADRUT CHWADRUT CHWADHRUT CHWAAHRUTH HWAARRUS HWAARUH HAWARH HAWWAR. By what means might the roots "let" and "ly" mean the same thing in a naturalistic conlang? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Or you can output HTML or ZBB BBCode. the first gives the name of the .lex file, containing the lexicon; Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Conlang: Re: Reversible sound change applier (Alex Fink, May 11 '06, 3:03) insufficient vowel reduction) another 35% of the time. rules-file: text file with the rules; words-file: text file with the words--named-sound-change | -n to apply a named sound change to words passed on the command line, and then prints the words after the change; @AntonSherwood this article has one such proposal: New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition. The environment can contain variables, like V above. Parabolic, suborbital and ballistic trajectories all follow elliptic paths. sound changes. simply edit the source and output files with an editor, using that It presents linguistically sound methods for creating naturalistic languageswhich can be reversed to create non-naturalistic languages. Yasgheld is licensed under the MIT software license. Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common sound changes, Last edited on 27 December 2021, at 19:37, https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common_sound_changes&oldid=4019626. How do you determine a New Letter's sound? or the vocabulary in between runs. Lexurgy SC Lexurgy 1.2.0 documentation One of the things I'm really passionate about is phonetics vs. phonology. . A cohesive toolset for naturalistic conlang creation. @AntonSherwood I don't think the intermediate steps have ever been reconstructed, but as far as I'm aware, *d became r (which isn't unusual), the labiovelar glide *w turned into velar k, and e was an epenthetic vowel inserted for phonotactic reasons. Look under Programs/Accessories and run Command Prompt. you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. Some rules of sound change: As you will see below, these terms are general: multiple terms may refer to the same phenomena. This basic structure can be expanded for more tricky rules. This option is good for applying a permanent lexical transformation to a list of words. You can then copy and paste a character into any of the input boxes. This can be very useful to see what the effect of a changed rule is. Hi everyone, so I've been raising these questions on the various conlang discord channels, and in the Small Discussions area, but not getting consistent /any responses, which is why I'm posting it here.. sound-change-applier GitHub Topics GitHub Landing Page | conlang.tools fam(i)ly, mem(o)ry [medial vowels deleted]; 'populu > people [unstressed vowels other than 'a' deleted in Latin if greater than 2 syllables], deletion of initial sound (mostly vowels), apoteca (Latin) > bodega (Spanish) 'warehouse', skola (Latin) > eskola (Old French) 'school', insertion of consonant between consonants, husped > huspede (some Spanish dialects) 'guest', vowel lengthens to fill space from deletion, *ton > to: > tu (English evolution) 'tooth', /s/ or /z/ goes to /r/ usually between vowels or glides, *hauzjan > ho:ren > hieran (English evolution) 'hear', sounds change positions (sometimes sporatically), prbbli > prbli 'probably' (some English dialects), (term for dipthongization used in Germanic linguistics) *kald > ceald (Old English) 'cold', common changes are devoicing of stops or obstruents but sonorants or final vowels can also devoice, lupu > lobo 'wolf'; vi:ta > vida 'life" (Spanish evolution); can affect just stops, just fricatives, or all obstruents for example, nasals agree in place with following sound, velar or alveolar to palato-alveolar before/after /i/ or /j/ or before front vowels, consonants are palatalized upon a condition, susi > susji > susj (some Finnish dialects) 'wolf', auru- > oro (Latin to Spanish) 'gold'; some English dialects before /r/ like fa:r 'fire', ta:r 'tire', low or mid vowels raise to mid or high vowels, long or tense or word-final vowels frequently rise, high or mid vowels lowering to mid or low, vowels vowels frequently lower before uvular or pharyngeal consonants or a low vowel in the next syllable; nasalized vowels often lower, nasalization of vowel before a nasal consonant, bon > bn > b (French) 'good'; common for nasalization to be followed by deletion of the nasal, single consonant changes to a doubled consonant, some Finnish dialects change VCV: to VCCV: as in pakoon > pakkoon 'into flight', sequence of two identical consonants is reduced to a single consonant, pekkatu- > pekado (Latin to Spanish) 'sin, misfortune', consonant (usually a stop or fricative) becomes an affricate, rapra > rara (Cuzco Quechua syllable-final stops) 'leaf, wing', in Mayan, vowels are lengthened before a consonant cluster which begins with a sonorant (l, r, m, n): kenq' > ke:nq', common word-finally, before consonant clusters, when unstressed; long vowels also often merge with short vowels. I might Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. the users of the language are likely to invent a new word to replace one of the homonyms. . ph/f/_. include explanation of the X -> Y / Z notation. You can define any variables needed to state your sound changes. The word is an example. where the __# means that the stop in question (__) is at the end of a word (#). It only takes a minute to sign up. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? If the language you're working with requires a special font, He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. Show me where the stops become fricatives! If you don't like that progression, try another one. It comes from adding onto . Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. coser 'to sew'. A few examples are intervocalic flapping in many English dialects (/btr . Although it seems like sound change happens regardless of grammar, this is not necessarily true. F=ie Scan this QR code to download the app now. or lexical rules to apply. This may be used to create a full lexicon or to simply pick the genereated words that appeal to you. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. To see the intermediate results, check Show intermediate results. C is any consonant. ), and strangest of all, Proto-Indo-European *dw to Armenian erk (???). applies its changes to whatever you give it. It is written in Python and uses configuration files in YAML, so you'll need to install Python (SCA is known to work with version 2.6, but probably won't with 3.x) and PyYAML to be able to use it.. SCA was originally written as an aid for linguists and . I took these notes a few years ago from Lyle Campbell's Historical Linguistics 1st ed. Save Sound Changes. resulting in obra. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? Only show final output (no arrows) Save Output Words . The 2014 edition includes 2155 inventories that contain 2160 segment types found in 1672 distinct languages., The World Phonotactics Database is a searchable database containing information about phonotactic restrictions of languages of the world. -p tells sounds to print out which rules apply Each character in the replacement variable (here Z) Sometimes two parallel dialects run along slightly different tracks. If sounds says your file could not be read in and you're sure This doesnt work on IE. rev2023.4.21.43403. Reviewing 3 Sound Change Appliers for Conlang Phonological - YouTube I've heard good things about Haedus, Phonix, RSCA, VSCA and many more. Wikitongues is a collection of videos of spoken natural languages, both well- and not-so-well-known languages. People will stop using one or the other word, replacing it with another construct. Categories: C=ptkbdg R=rl V=ieaou. Theiling Online Sitemap Conlang Mailing List HQ . comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . So Which are the best open-source conlang projects? It interacts with Google Maps to show geographical diffusion and concrete examples. All I can think of to conventional spellings, but I could just as easily have used gn/nh/_ For instance, if you voice intervocalic and our Privacy Policy. Effect of a "bad grade" in grad school applications, Canadian of Polish descent travel to Poland with Canadian passport. Since it seems like you've got a handle on the basics and are really asking for a directional nudge, I'd suggest the following: Make a short list (maybe a dozen) of Proto-Language words and sort them by various characteristics: words that begin with a voiceless stop; words that contain a voiced stop followed by a syllabic liquid; words with an accented long vowel root. So, The replacement string can be blank, as in. This word exhibits sounds that did not change with rule B. based on spellings or phonemes. Changes since the old SCA, and the newest features: intermediate results and file uploading/downloading. Here's how to read it: e > 0 / VC_# if consonants is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), this means the sound /e/ becomes zero (or deletes) when it takes the place of the underscore in this phrase: VC_#(end of word) and if these conditions are met: only if the consonant is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), so if you have a word that end in V,(l, r, n, s, th [and sometimes y]),e then the e will delete. It uses Python, which you'll need to install to be able to use it; most Linices should have it already installed. You can do gemination on category substitution, like this: You can use a special wildcard to match anything. I don't see how this can be made less broad. ), Show differences from last run, if checked, will boldface any changes from the last run when you hit Apply. Currently I have a completed phonology, most of the grammar, and I'm beginning the lexicon. For instance, suppose youve defined. The four non-lateral consonants ( [n] appears as a word final allophone of [], [p] is the most common realisation of the top right phoneme) And here are the vowels! In the case that two words would be pronounced the same if a certain sound change happens, one of the following things can happen: Some kinds of sound changes are more common than others. At this point it hasn't received much testing or feedback, so I would appreciate any bug reports or suggestions submitted via an issue on GitHub. At year 800, /atek/ means nasty and /tul/ means extremely but /ategetul/ means 'very gross food'. (e.g. This causes alternations between /s/ and /r/ in some words' inflected forms: Flower is flos in the nominative singular, but floris in the genitive. deletes an e between a consonant and an intervocalic r, Then $ . Conlang-L or Reddit or CBB would be forums better suited, but I do have some ideas that might serve to get you started. Are there any SCAs beside RSCA that can reconstruct backwards? Russian could be. Most of the time these slight differences are just noise and you go back to saying everything the same as before, but sometimes you make those mistakes often enough that they start to become a consistent part of your speech. You can compare this to the Kebreni grammar in Virtual Verduria. This page collects a number of entrusted, and foremost - free, sources of linguistic and specialised information by the conlanging community, and the users of the Linguifex Wiki. Sometimes you want the rewrite rules to apply only to the input. with the original word in brackets (suitable for using as the basis of a lexicon with etymologies): the correct pronunciation of the word 60% of the time, and make only minor errors Actually, sound change appliers strike me as being very much a 'scratch own itch' type of project .