Fabulous. But gradually, that word comes to start meaning country bumpkinas opposed to a polished, educated gentleman. It was described as the 'golden age' of English History. Crime and Punishment in Industrial Britain, Advantages of North and South in Civil War, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Civil War Military Strategies of North and South, Environmental Effects of The Columbian Exchange, Native Americans in the Revolutionary War. Houses and Warehouses were full of highly flammable materials, such as candles, oil, coal etc. The Elizabethan government made begging a serious crime. Everything you need for your studies in one place. To provide France with troops and to convert to Catholicism. burning at the stake, a method of execution practiced in Babylonia and ancient Israel and later adopted in Europe and North America. The ones that perhaps we dont use quite so much now, the ones about having body lice and venereal diseases, BOGAEV: What, no ones ever called you a poxy whore? [LAUGHS], GOODMAN: Not in modern Britain. Elizabethan Era Law and Punishment By: Tara Campbell & Amy Kwon & Lukus Kantor Introduction Elizabethan England was split into two categories. And was that, likeencouraged? GOODMAN: Yeah, absolutely. Punishment would vary according to each of these classes. Find out whats on, read our latest stories, and learn how you can get involved. And I think perhaps thats what my historical perspective is, that we can get very cross sometimes about the things that float on the surface, and we forget that theres this base layer of agreed behavior that sits at the bottom that everybody does still buy into. Create and find flashcards in record time. There's a large discrepancy between certain historians' figures, but the general consensus is that the figure ranges between six and fourteen. BOGAEV: Well, pulling back and getting to the big picture on all of this, you have the overarching theme that bad behavior can be much more revealing of a time and a culture than the exercise of good behavior, and what that said to meyou said, largely because history has reckoned with it far more eagerly, and by that I took your meaning to be, its always the bad stuff that we find out when we look back as a historian, right? Something witty is funny, and that takes the sting out of it, doesnt it? We know that there was some really dreadful behavior by some people, or by people who were living in such slum conditions, that they had very little option. But there were some wacky conventionsat least to modern day, to my ears. The most common crimes were: Theft for stealing anything over 5 pence resulted in hanging - a terrible price to pay for poor people who were starving. During Queen Elizabeth's rein of England in 1558,she kept peace by accepting different arts and literature into the nation such as Shakespeare's famous play "Romeo and Juliet".The social system in which the Elizabethan Era was carried out in still exists in modern Britain, although slightly altered to accommodate modern society. in which revenge is a sin and a blasphemy, endangering the soul of the revenger . And there were a lot of ways to be disgusting at the table. So clearly, stirring around a dish that youre sharing with half a dozen people is not nice, is it? Whats a knave? We have all these words, though, for prostitute or sex worker, but when you look at the range of sex, there were surprisingly so few words or phrases to describe it, especially aberrant sexual practices. The Elizabethan era began in 1558 when Elizabeth-first became queen. The most common crimes were: Theft for stealing anything over 5 pence resulted in hanging - a terrible price to pay for poor people who were starving. Country bumpkins carried on using that, because thats what theyd grown up with, whereas in court, and London, a much more French-ified thing was coming in that was much more about the diagonal. But because theyre older, these elite boys are required to show deference and respect to older, poorer people. But as you touched on a little bit, earlier, reputation was so important at the time that these words had tremendous power. The Elizabethan Era was very different depending on your social status. So, lets talk about some offensive speech. of the users don't pass the Elizabethan Era quiz! BOGAEV: Yeah. Elizabethan Era. Why did Parliament introduce the 'Petition of Right'? Well, the biggest change, which perhaps is easiest to describe when you cant actually show someone, is the change from what might be called an English bow into what might be called a French bow. His wars with the Dutch and his tolerance for Catholics. The actor's clothes were used to indicate the characters and their social status. Again, one foot in front of the other, but this time youre not bending both knees. Every time the Oxford English Dictionary gets updated and a whole load of new words go in, theres a flurry in the newspapers about, Oh, its dreadful, dreadful it is. However, the only punishment available to the bishops at the time was excommunication. GOODMAN: I think its enormous. BOGAEV: Well, lets get specific and maybe compare some Shakespeare to what people will really say. Ben Lauer is the web producer. Go and listen to some of the better sermons in these particular churches, there are very well-spoken divines giving sermons here. Retrieved May 16 2012 from. Not a lot has changed. The clergy, dissatisfied with this, forged an Act of parliament, without the assent of the . These were violent times. This was called the Poor Rate which was used to help the poor during the Elizabethan period. List some of the significant changes Cromwell made whilst Lord-Protector: - The Instrument of Government ( a written constitution). At the centre was Queen Elizabeth I, 'The Virgin Queen' and the latter part of. Duke Or at the very least, punched in the face. Theatre was extremely popular and only was stopped due to the Black Plague in the 1590s. GOODMAN: Exactly, well, I would say most I dont know. In 1599, the word queen,Q-U-E-E-Nmeant monarch, just like it does today. Everyone knows thats taboo. . The lower classes were generally uneducated and poor and struggled even through the 'Golden Age' of England. England had a strong military presence at the time, and was known as the 'rulers of the seas' after defeating the. What was different about the Elizabethan Era compared to others? It was reintroduced shortly after the plague ended. And, if you find yourself in Washington, DC, we hope youll visit us at the Folger Shakespeare Library on Capitol Hill. The nobility had a large amount of power and influence, and were able to rise the ranks by providing loyalty to the Queen. Alchemy. There was a strict prohibition of. The maximum punishment under these laws ranges from one year to 10 years in jail, with or without a fine. a suicide. Its a much more diagonal, classical look, and thats quite important. The Interregnum: a period of time where there was no monarchy, and the country was instead run as a republic. Elizabethan Insults. 1558 Elizabethan Age begins Queen Mary I, the monarch of England and Ireland since 1553, dies and is succeeded by her 25-year-old half-sister, Elizabeth. Declared Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church of England with the Oath of Supremacy. BOGAEV: It wouldnt fill pages of a play. You know, so, theres a sort of two tier thing going on. And you could make her seem bad by suggesting that she had stepped outside of it. And in a world where there is no banking, no insurance companies, every single business dealing was about making a personal judgement on somebodys trustworthiness. The period is often referred to as a 'Golden Age' of history: England became a major European power in politics, exploration, trade and the arts, while Elizabeth I's long rule created stability after the shorter, tumultuous rules of her siblings, Edward VI and Mary I. The Elizabethan era was a period during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I from 1558-1603. We had technical help from Andrew Feliciano and Paul Luke at Voice Trax West in Studio City, California and Aidan Lyons at the Sound Company in London. No - They could not come to an agreement, and both parties refused to compromise. BOGAEV: I love that illustration you just gave us, of sliding down the social scale and accruing meaning as it goes, the word. Clothing defined status. You write that what people commonly got in trouble for saying was something as short as, maybe, it looks like five words, a turd in your teeth. [LAUGH]. Violent times. In 1555 the Protestant bishops Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley, and John Hooper . And I find it really fascinating that a lot of your research is done on these court documents, and especially in the church courts, that men werent necessarily believed no matter what. The offence of blasphemy was originally part of canon law. One of these includes Astrology. GOODMAN: I think, rather like modern society, there are always people who want to live by the rules, and there are always people who dont. There were only male actors, with younger men playing the female parts, and the sets were utterly blank of scenery. Some things are just accepted as the basics, and they dont change. Maybe Americas different. It sounds like there were so many rules about how to eat. The most dreadful punishment of being Hung, Drawn and Quartered was described by William Harrison as:"The greatest and most grievous punishment used in England for such as offend against the State is drawing from the prison to the place of execution upon an hurdle or sled, where they are hanged till they be half dead, and then taken down, and quartered alive; after that, their members and bowels are cut from their bodies, and thrown into a fire, provided near hand and within their own sight, even for the same purpose." Crime And Punishment In The Elizabethan Period (Queen Elizabeth I) This essay covers several crime and punishments which were implied in Queen Elizabeth's era. . How do most academic historians view Charles II? We call this podcast: My Speech Of Insultment Ended On His Dead Body. GOODMAN: Well, of course, obviously, its all the modern ones, isnt it? MINOR CRIME AND PUNISHMENT - EVEN TRAVEL AND ACTING IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND WAS A CRIME WITHOUT A LICENCE.People did not travel around a lot during the Tudor and Elizabethan era. This raised the actors status somewhat and lead to fewer accusations of crimes. An example of this would be farmers looking to astrologers for advice on weather patterns such as droughts. And that comes through again and again and again, that people who sprayed accusations could find themselves in serious trouble. I suppose because women were just considered worthless anyway, so youd never insult their intelligence. . BOGAEV: And there were many words for stupidity. The punishments were only as harsh, heartless, and unusual as one could imagine for every act that was considered a crime. The Nobles - upper class and the lower class - everyone else. PUNISHMENT DURING THE ELIZABETHAN ERA - THE COURTIERSLife in Elizabethan England was chronicled by an Elizabethan called William Harrison - this included details of Elizabethan crime and punishment. What form of Christianity did Oliver Cromwell follow? ELIZABETHAN CRIMES OF THE COMMONERS Many crimes committed by commoners were through sheer desperation and miserable poverty. BOGAEV: Thats true, but it could mean that we make as historians, Im not including myself in that, but one can make too much of the bad behavior, because its all youre reading about. GOODMAN: Well, all of those words sort of describe the same sort of thing, but knave was undoubtedly the one that hurt most. GOODMAN: And then when that fell away and the Restoration came, you get a switch back to a completely different set of behaviors and social rules. And its quite deafening. There were strong winds, allowing the fire to cover large distances quickly. Its not like theres one set of systems that you can learn as a child and theyll stay the same all the way through your life. And Im glad you mention that because you say, theres one question of, how did people acquire a gentlemanly style of speech? GOODMAN: No, it means absolutely what is meant by the modern phrase, Eat [expletive].. BOGAEV: I know this is hard to do on the radio, but [LAUGH] illustrate that for us, in terms of a bow. Punishment for poaching crimes differed according to when the crime was committed - Poaching at night resulted in the punishment by death, whereas poaching during the day time did not. People were leaving their villages and heading for cities. GOODMAN: Thank you for letting me talk. So, if they did use street language, that could well have ended up with the red line through it, because theres no actual Saying that somebodys nose is like a lighthouse is funny, but none of those words are in themselves offensive. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. He received some of his early education at The King's School, Canterbury, and later went to Corpus Christi . The buildings shared close proximity to each other, allowing for the fire to jump from building to building. People had started calling her a witch, and as a result, the bakers within the town were refusing to serve her. Shakespeare lived from 1567 to 1616. He inherited the throne from his aunt, Elizabeth I. BOGAEV: Im so relieved to hear that. Why did Charles II come into conflict with Parliament? I guess there still are. GOODMAN: There were many words for stupidity. God had chosen the Monarch, and they had the ability to grant / remove power from those below. I havent got that bit. In the meantime, find us online and on the road. But that same ploughman might, on a Sunday, behave quite differently, mightnt he, in church. Explains that agrippa's beliefs were blasphemy in his time. Between 1558 and 1603; the reign of Elizabeth I. Due to the belief that God granted you everything, there was no sympathy for the poor. Those who succeeded and benefited throughout the Elizabethan Court came from the rich classes. What was the significance of clothing during the Elizabethan Era? Thomas Heywood, Philocothonista, or, The drunkard, opened, dissected, and anatomized. The Elizabethan Era The reign of Elizabeth I spanned the years 1558 to 1603. Trials were designed in the favour of the prosecutors and defendants accused any of the following crimes were not even allowed legal counsel. MICHAEL WITMORE: Heres a distinction that makes a lot more sense on the page that it does over the air. Anyone who needed to travel to earn their living, such as actors, were treated with suspicion and could therefore be expected to be accused of crimes. That changed the way everybody behaved, it changed the nature of language, it changed the nature of bowing, it changed the nature of dressing and moving in the streets, it changed all sorts of basic social rules. The popular writers and poets of the Elizabethan Age include William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe and Edmund Spenser. The latter half of the 16th century in England is justly called the Elizabethan Age: rarely has the collective life of a whole era been given so distinctively personal a stamp. The word honesty really only referred to this central core that people were interested in about women, which is, Do I know where the babys come from? Thats really what it comes down to, isnt it? he was denounced as a heretic and banished from his homeland of germany for opinions like this. Not at the waist, never at the waist. BOGAEV: Exactly. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. Shakespeare's life also overlapped with the Jacobean Era (1603-1625). Folger Shakespeare Library (with digital color). He was highly successful, and his works are still considered today to be some of the greatest of all time. There were a number of famous astrologers, but the most famous was Dr John Dee, a court astronomer and personal advisor to Elizabeth I. Religion was one of the cornerstones of the Early Modern Period and defined the relationships people had with all aspects of life. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. Every social interaction carried this physical expression of the relationship between the two people involved in that relationship. [LAUGH]. Elizabethan Era Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era The ghost can be seen as projecting several functions throughout the play, all of which are vital to the play's . The Triennial Act required for Parliament to meet for a minimum of a fifty-day session every three years, and if the King failed to summon them for this session, they could assemble by themselves. The Stocks Medieval Torture Device. GOODMAN: Yes, you can. But why was this period so successful? Will you pass the quiz? Yeah, its everywhere, isnt it? My Speech Of Insultment Ended On His Dead Body was produced by Richard Paul. You can find more about the Folger at our website, folger.edu. Religion was more open, and everyone was fairly accepted. Its inciting bad behavior within a community. What nation was involved in The Bishop Wars against the Royalist forces? We talked with Goodman about what bad behavior can tell us about Shakespeares world and about our society today. We all have differing behaviors that we exhibit at different times, and of course the manners books tend to concentrate, not just upon elite people, but also upon elite situations, so that we get references scattered across quite a lot of literature, actually, of gentlemen who could probably be very controlled when they need to be, very, very precise and positively prudish, about not wiping their hands in public, et cetera, et cetera, but may have behaved in a rather laxer way in other spaces. She is shown by him as virgin goddess who rules over England. The Elizabethan Age is also known as the Golden Age as works of art flourished during this period. He became disillusioned with the Rump Parliament. Our April festival celebrating 400 years of Shakespeare's First Folio, Our award-winning performances of Shakespeare, adaptations, and new works, Our early music ensemble Folger Consort and more, Our longstanding O.B. That is many peoples introduction to Shakespeare, is curses, but I was kind of surprised that your section on offensive speech didnt contain anywhere near as many new words and insult phrases like you do find in the plays. I suspect, people being people, it was much the same. He is the greatest dramatists. And hey, that still happens too, doesnt it? Elizabeth's England saw the Religious Settlement, challenges to it and the ongoing Protestant Reformation. But its funny, by the time I got to the end of the book, I was a little surprised how much that was taboo then is still taboo today. BOGAEV: Yeah, I mean, what could be more colorful, right? The time period is named after Queen Elizabeth I who ruled England during this time. Similarly to their beliefs in fate, people in the Elizabethan Era had strong beliefs in Astrology and Star Signs. Blasphemy Sedition Spying Rebellion Murder Witchcraft Alchemy The most common crimes were theft, cut purses, begging, poaching, adultery, debtors, forgers, fraud and dice coggers. I think that happens quite a lot. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. The significance of this event was massive. What did it originally mean, and how did it change? Being burnt at the stake was a terrible death. And personal reputation and community harmony were two almost-holy goals. I think that feeling has been going on for a long, long time. Ruth Goodman came into the studio recently to talk about the difference between cursing and not cursing, when not to blow your nose, and other ways to be politeor to be exactly the oppositein Shakespeares England. Ten days after Marlowe's arrest on 18 May 1593 on allegations of blasphemy, he was stabbed to death by Ingram Frizer. Anhistorian of British social and domestic life, she has hosted a number of BBC TV series, including Tudor Monastery Farm. Why did Parliament want to exclude James, Duke of York, from the throne? There were new jobs and classes emerging, however, providing new opportunities. From the Folger Shakespeare Library, this is Shakespeare Unlimited. That theyre dishonest, but theyre sort of oiling their way into peoples favors. The tragic execution of Anne Boleyn was restricted to the Upper Classes and Nobility and only several hundred spectators! (Chamberline) The Elizabethan Era was a time of accusations. Certain groups were required to wear colours that reflected their social standing, and would look down on those below them. He produced most of his most famous works between 1589 and 1613. Things like dont blow your nose in front of other people, and dont mumble, and close the door when you go to the toilet, or, I suppose we should say the privy, and dont let people know what youre doing in there. Its pretty common sense.
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